Enviar una aplicación con una base de datos

Si su aplicación requiere una base de datos y viene con datos incorporados, ¿cuál es la mejor manera de enviar esa aplicación? Debería:

  1. Precreate la base de datos SQLite e incluya en la .apk ?

  2. Incluir los comandos SQL con la aplicación y tener que crear la base de datos e insertar los datos en el primer uso?

Los inconvenientes que veo son:

  1. Los posibles desajustes de la versión de SQLite pueden causar problemas y actualmente no sé dónde debe ir la base de datos y cómo acceder a ella.

  2. Puede tardar mucho tiempo en crear y rellenar la base de datos en el dispositivo.

¿Alguna sugerencia? Los punteros a la documentación con respecto a cualquier asunto serían apreciados grandemente.

Acabo de encontrar una manera de hacer esto en ReignDesign blog en un artículo titulado Usando su propia base de datos SQLite en aplicaciones de Android . Básicamente precreate su base de datos, póngala en su directorio de activos en su apk, y en el primer uso copie al directorio "/ data / data / YOUR_PACKAGE / databases /".

Hay dos opciones para crear y actualizar bases de datos.

Una es crear una base de datos externamente, luego colocarla en la carpeta de activos del proyecto y luego copiar toda la base de datos desde allí. Esto es mucho más rápido si la base de datos tiene muchas tablas y otros componentes. Las actualizaciones se activan cambiando el número de versión de la base de datos en el archivo res / values ​​/ strings.xml. Las actualizaciones se realizarían creando una nueva base de datos externamente, sustituyendo la antigua base de datos en la carpeta de activos por la nueva base de datos, guardando la antigua base de datos en el almacenamiento interno bajo otro nombre, copiando la nueva base de datos de la carpeta de activos en el almacenamiento interno, De los datos de la base de datos antigua (que fue renombrada anteriormente) en la nueva base de datos y finalmente eliminar la base de datos antigua. Puede crear una base de datos originalmente utilizando el complemento FireFox de SQLite Manager para ejecutar las sentencias sql de creación.

La otra opción es crear una base de datos internamente desde un archivo sql. Esto no es tan rápido, pero el retraso probablemente sería imperceptible para los usuarios si la base de datos tiene sólo unas pocas tablas. Las actualizaciones se activan cambiando el número de versión de la base de datos en el archivo res / values ​​/ strings.xml. Las actualizaciones se realizarían mediante el procesamiento de un archivo sql de actualización. Los datos de la base de datos permanecerán sin cambios, excepto cuando su contenedor se elimine, por ejemplo, el abandono de una tabla.

El ejemplo siguiente muestra cómo utilizar cualquiera de los métodos.

Aquí hay un ejemplo de archivo create_database.sql. Se debe colocar en la carpeta de activos del proyecto para el método interno o copiarse en el "Ejecutar SQL" de SQLite Manager para crear la base de datos para el método externo (NOTA: Observe el comentario sobre la tabla requerida por Android).

 --Android requires a table named 'android_metadata' with a 'locale' column CREATE TABLE "android_metadata" ("locale" TEXT DEFAULT 'en_US'); INSERT INTO "android_metadata" VALUES ('en_US'); CREATE TABLE "kitchen_table"; CREATE TABLE "coffee_table"; CREATE TABLE "pool_table"; CREATE TABLE "dining_room_table"; CREATE TABLE "card_table"; 

Aquí hay un ejemplo de archivo update_database.sql. Se debe colocar en la carpeta de activos del proyecto para el método interno o copiarse en el "Ejecutar SQL" de SQLite Manager para crear la base de datos para el método externo (NOTA: Observe que los tres tipos de comentarios de SQL se ignorarán Por el analizador sql que se incluye en este ejemplo.)

 --CREATE TABLE "kitchen_table"; This is one type of comment in sql. It is ignored by parseSql. /* * CREATE TABLE "coffee_table"; This is a second type of comment in sql. It is ignored by parseSql. */ { CREATE TABLE "pool_table"; This is a third type of comment in sql. It is ignored by parseSql. } /* CREATE TABLE "dining_room_table"; This is a second type of comment in sql. It is ignored by parseSql. */ { CREATE TABLE "card_table"; This is a third type of comment in sql. It is ignored by parseSql. } --DROP TABLE "picnic_table"; Uncomment this if picnic table was previously created and now is being replaced. CREATE TABLE "picnic_table" ("plates" TEXT); INSERT INTO "picnic_table" VALUES ('paper'); 

Esta es una entrada para agregar al archivo /res/values/strings.xml para el número de versión de la base de datos.

 <item type="string" name="databaseVersion" format="integer">1</item> 

Esta es una actividad que accede a la base de datos y la utiliza. ( Nota: es posible que desee ejecutar el código de base de datos en un subproceso independiente si utiliza muchos recursos ) .

 package android.example; import android.app.Activity; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.os.Bundle; /** * @author Danny Remington - MacroSolve * * Activity for demonstrating how to use a sqlite database. */ public class Database extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); DatabaseHelper myDbHelper; SQLiteDatabase myDb = null; myDbHelper = new DatabaseHelper(this); /* * Database must be initialized before it can be used. This will ensure * that the database exists and is the current version. */ myDbHelper.initializeDataBase(); try { // A reference to the database can be obtained after initialization. myDb = myDbHelper.getWritableDatabase(); /* * Place code to use database here. */ } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { myDbHelper.close(); } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } finally { myDb.close(); } } } } 

Aquí está la clase auxiliar de base de datos donde se crea o actualiza la base de datos si es necesario. (NOTA: Android requiere que cree una clase que extienda SQLiteOpenHelper para poder trabajar con una base de datos Sqlite).

 package android.example; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import android.content.Context; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; /** * @author Danny Remington - MacroSolve * * Helper class for sqlite database. */ public class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { /* * The Android's default system path of the application database in internal * storage. The package of the application is part of the path of the * directory. */ private static String DB_DIR = "/data/data/android.example/databases/"; private static String DB_NAME = "database.sqlite"; private static String DB_PATH = DB_DIR + DB_NAME; private static String OLD_DB_PATH = DB_DIR + "old_" + DB_NAME; private final Context myContext; private boolean createDatabase = false; private boolean upgradeDatabase = false; /** * Constructor Takes and keeps a reference of the passed context in order to * access to the application assets and resources. * * @param context */ public DatabaseHelper(Context context) { super(context, DB_NAME, null, context.getResources().getInteger( R.string.databaseVersion)); myContext = context; // Get the path of the database that is based on the context. DB_PATH = myContext.getDatabasePath(DB_NAME).getAbsolutePath(); } /** * Upgrade the database in internal storage if it exists but is not current. * Create a new empty database in internal storage if it does not exist. */ public void initializeDataBase() { /* * Creates or updates the database in internal storage if it is needed * before opening the database. In all cases opening the database copies * the database in internal storage to the cache. */ getWritableDatabase(); if (createDatabase) { /* * If the database is created by the copy method, then the creation * code needs to go here. This method consists of copying the new * database from assets into internal storage and then caching it. */ try { /* * Write over the empty data that was created in internal * storage with the one in assets and then cache it. */ copyDataBase(); } catch (IOException e) { throw new Error("Error copying database"); } } else if (upgradeDatabase) { /* * If the database is upgraded by the copy and reload method, then * the upgrade code needs to go here. This method consists of * renaming the old database in internal storage, create an empty * new database in internal storage, copying the database from * assets to the new database in internal storage, caching the new * database from internal storage, loading the data from the old * database into the new database in the cache and then deleting the * old database from internal storage. */ try { FileHelper.copyFile(DB_PATH, OLD_DB_PATH); copyDataBase(); SQLiteDatabase old_db = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(OLD_DB_PATH, null, SQLiteDatabase.OPEN_READWRITE); SQLiteDatabase new_db = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(DB_PATH,null, SQLiteDatabase.OPEN_READWRITE); /* * Add code to load data into the new database from the old * database and then delete the old database from internal * storage after all data has been transferred. */ } catch (IOException e) { throw new Error("Error copying database"); } } } /** * Copies your database from your local assets-folder to the just created * empty database in the system folder, from where it can be accessed and * handled. This is done by transfering bytestream. * */ private void copyDataBase() throws IOException { /* * Close SQLiteOpenHelper so it will commit the created empty database * to internal storage. */ close(); /* * Open the database in the assets folder as the input stream. */ InputStream myInput = myContext.getAssets().open(DB_NAME); /* * Open the empty db in interal storage as the output stream. */ OutputStream myOutput = new FileOutputStream(DB_PATH); /* * Copy over the empty db in internal storage with the database in the * assets folder. */ FileHelper.copyFile(myInput, myOutput); /* * Access the copied database so SQLiteHelper will cache it and mark it * as created. */ getWritableDatabase().close(); } /* * This is where the creation of tables and the initial population of the * tables should happen, if a database is being created from scratch instead * of being copied from the application package assets. Copying a database * from the application package assets to internal storage inside this * method will result in a corrupted database. * <P> * NOTE: This method is normally only called when a database has not already * been created. When the database has been copied, then this method is * called the first time a reference to the database is retrieved after the * database is copied since the database last cached by SQLiteOpenHelper is * different than the database in internal storage. */ @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { /* * Signal that a new database needs to be copied. The copy process must * be performed after the database in the cache has been closed causing * it to be committed to internal storage. Otherwise the database in * internal storage will not have the same creation timestamp as the one * in the cache causing the database in internal storage to be marked as * corrupted. */ createDatabase = true; /* * This will create by reading a sql file and executing the commands in * it. */ // try { // InputStream is = myContext.getResources().getAssets().open( // "create_database.sql"); // // String[] statements = FileHelper.parseSqlFile(is); // // for (String statement : statements) { // db.execSQL(statement); // } // } catch (Exception ex) { // ex.printStackTrace(); // } } /** * Called only if version number was changed and the database has already * been created. Copying a database from the application package assets to * the internal data system inside this method will result in a corrupted * database in the internal data system. */ @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { /* * Signal that the database needs to be upgraded for the copy method of * creation. The copy process must be performed after the database has * been opened or the database will be corrupted. */ upgradeDatabase = true; /* * Code to update the database via execution of sql statements goes * here. */ /* * This will upgrade by reading a sql file and executing the commands in * it. */ // try { // InputStream is = myContext.getResources().getAssets().open( // "upgrade_database.sql"); // // String[] statements = FileHelper.parseSqlFile(is); // // for (String statement : statements) { // db.execSQL(statement); // } // } catch (Exception ex) { // ex.printStackTrace(); // } } /** * Called everytime the database is opened by getReadableDatabase or * getWritableDatabase. This is called after onCreate or onUpgrade is * called. */ @Override public void onOpen(SQLiteDatabase db) { super.onOpen(db); } /* * Add your public helper methods to access and get content from the * database. You could return cursors by doing * "return myDataBase.query(....)" so it'd be easy to you to create adapters * for your views. */ } 

Aquí está la clase FileHelper que contiene métodos para copiar archivos de bytes y analizar archivos sql.

 package android.example; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.io.Reader; import java.nio.channels.FileChannel; /** * @author Danny Remington - MacroSolve * * Helper class for common tasks using files. * */ public class FileHelper { /** * Creates the specified <i><b>toFile</b></i> that is a byte for byte a copy * of <i><b>fromFile</b></i>. If <i><b>toFile</b></i> already existed, then * it will be replaced with a copy of <i><b>fromFile</b></i>. The name and * path of <i><b>toFile</b></i> will be that of <i><b>toFile</b></i>. Both * <i><b>fromFile</b></i> and <i><b>toFile</b></i> will be closed by this * operation. * * @param fromFile * - InputStream for the file to copy from. * @param toFile * - InputStream for the file to copy to. */ public static void copyFile(InputStream fromFile, OutputStream toFile) throws IOException { // transfer bytes from the inputfile to the outputfile byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int length; try { while ((length = fromFile.read(buffer)) > 0) { toFile.write(buffer, 0, length); } } // Close the streams finally { try { if (toFile != null) { try { toFile.flush(); } finally { toFile.close(); } } } finally { if (fromFile != null) { fromFile.close(); } } } } /** * Creates the specified <i><b>toFile</b></i> that is a byte for byte a copy * of <i><b>fromFile</b></i>. If <i><b>toFile</b></i> already existed, then * it will be replaced with a copy of <i><b>fromFile</b></i>. The name and * path of <i><b>toFile</b></i> will be that of <i><b>toFile</b></i>. Both * <i><b>fromFile</b></i> and <i><b>toFile</b></i> will be closed by this * operation. * * @param fromFile * - String specifying the path of the file to copy from. * @param toFile * - String specifying the path of the file to copy to. */ public static void copyFile(String fromFile, String toFile) throws IOException { copyFile(new FileInputStream(fromFile), new FileOutputStream(toFile)); } /** * Creates the specified <i><b>toFile</b></i> that is a byte for byte a copy * of <i><b>fromFile</b></i>. If <i><b>toFile</b></i> already existed, then * it will be replaced with a copy of <i><b>fromFile</b></i>. The name and * path of <i><b>toFile</b></i> will be that of <i><b>toFile</b></i>. Both * <i><b>fromFile</b></i> and <i><b>toFile</b></i> will be closed by this * operation. * * @param fromFile * - File for the file to copy from. * @param toFile * - File for the file to copy to. */ public static void copyFile(File fromFile, File toFile) throws IOException { copyFile(new FileInputStream(fromFile), new FileOutputStream(toFile)); } /** * Creates the specified <i><b>toFile</b></i> that is a byte for byte a copy * of <i><b>fromFile</b></i>. If <i><b>toFile</b></i> already existed, then * it will be replaced with a copy of <i><b>fromFile</b></i>. The name and * path of <i><b>toFile</b></i> will be that of <i><b>toFile</b></i>. Both * <i><b>fromFile</b></i> and <i><b>toFile</b></i> will be closed by this * operation. * * @param fromFile * - FileInputStream for the file to copy from. * @param toFile * - FileInputStream for the file to copy to. */ public static void copyFile(FileInputStream fromFile, FileOutputStream toFile) throws IOException { FileChannel fromChannel = fromFile.getChannel(); FileChannel toChannel = toFile.getChannel(); try { fromChannel.transferTo(0, fromChannel.size(), toChannel); } finally { try { if (fromChannel != null) { fromChannel.close(); } } finally { if (toChannel != null) { toChannel.close(); } } } } /** * Parses a file containing sql statements into a String array that contains * only the sql statements. Comments and white spaces in the file are not * parsed into the String array. Note the file must not contained malformed * comments and all sql statements must end with a semi-colon ";" in order * for the file to be parsed correctly. The sql statements in the String * array will not end with a semi-colon ";". * * @param sqlFile * - String containing the path for the file that contains sql * statements. * * @return String array containing the sql statements. */ public static String[] parseSqlFile(String sqlFile) throws IOException { return parseSqlFile(new BufferedReader(new FileReader(sqlFile))); } /** * Parses a file containing sql statements into a String array that contains * only the sql statements. Comments and white spaces in the file are not * parsed into the String array. Note the file must not contained malformed * comments and all sql statements must end with a semi-colon ";" in order * for the file to be parsed correctly. The sql statements in the String * array will not end with a semi-colon ";". * * @param sqlFile * - InputStream for the file that contains sql statements. * * @return String array containing the sql statements. */ public static String[] parseSqlFile(InputStream sqlFile) throws IOException { return parseSqlFile(new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(sqlFile))); } /** * Parses a file containing sql statements into a String array that contains * only the sql statements. Comments and white spaces in the file are not * parsed into the String array. Note the file must not contained malformed * comments and all sql statements must end with a semi-colon ";" in order * for the file to be parsed correctly. The sql statements in the String * array will not end with a semi-colon ";". * * @param sqlFile * - Reader for the file that contains sql statements. * * @return String array containing the sql statements. */ public static String[] parseSqlFile(Reader sqlFile) throws IOException { return parseSqlFile(new BufferedReader(sqlFile)); } /** * Parses a file containing sql statements into a String array that contains * only the sql statements. Comments and white spaces in the file are not * parsed into the String array. Note the file must not contained malformed * comments and all sql statements must end with a semi-colon ";" in order * for the file to be parsed correctly. The sql statements in the String * array will not end with a semi-colon ";". * * @param sqlFile * - BufferedReader for the file that contains sql statements. * * @return String array containing the sql statements. */ public static String[] parseSqlFile(BufferedReader sqlFile) throws IOException { String line; StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder(); String multiLineComment = null; while ((line = sqlFile.readLine()) != null) { line = line.trim(); // Check for start of multi-line comment if (multiLineComment == null) { // Check for first multi-line comment type if (line.startsWith("/*")) { if (!line.endsWith("}")) { multiLineComment = "/*"; } // Check for second multi-line comment type } else if (line.startsWith("{")) { if (!line.endsWith("}")) { multiLineComment = "{"; } // Append line if line is not empty or a single line comment } else if (!line.startsWith("--") && !line.equals("")) { sql.append(line); } // Check for matching end comment } else if (multiLineComment.equals("/*")) { if (line.endsWith("*/")) { multiLineComment = null; } // Check for matching end comment } else if (multiLineComment.equals("{")) { if (line.endsWith("}")) { multiLineComment = null; } } } sqlFile.close(); return sql.toString().split(";"); } } 

La biblioteca SQLiteAssetHelper hace que esta tarea sea realmente simple.

Es fácil de agregar como una dependencia de gradle (pero un Jar también está disponible para Ant / Eclipse), y junto con la documentación se puede encontrar en:
https://github.com/jgilfelt/android-sqlite-asset-helper

Como se explica en la documentación:

  1. Agregue la dependencia al archivo de compilación gradle de su módulo:

     dependencies { compile 'com.readystatesoftware.sqliteasset:sqliteassethelper:+' } 
  2. Copie la base de datos en el directorio de activos, en un subdirectorio denominado assets/databases . Por ejemplo:
    assets/databases/my_database.db

    (Opcionalmente, puede comprimir la base de datos en un archivo zip, como assets/databases/my_database.zip . Esto no es necesario, ya que el APK ya está comprimido como un todo.)

  3. Crear una clase, por ejemplo:

     public class MyDatabase extends SQLiteAssetHelper { private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "my_database.db"; private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1; public MyDatabase(Context context) { super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION); } } 

Supongo que la mejor y la más nueva forma hasta hoy es usar la clase SQLiteAssetHelper .

Este tutorial le guía perfectamente a través de la importación y utilización de bases de datos externas en Android

La biblioteca Android SQLiteAssetHelper permite crear su SQLite datos SQLite en su computadora de escritorio, e importarla y usarla en su aplicación de Android. Vamos a crear una aplicación sencilla para demostrar la aplicación de esta biblioteca.

Paso 1 : Cree una base de datos quotes.db utilizando su aplicación de base de datos SQLite (DB Browser for SQLite es un freeware de plataforma cruzada portátil, que se puede utilizar para crear y editar bases de datos SQLite). Crear una tabla 'comillas' con una sola columna 'cita'. Inserte algunas comillas aleatorias en la tabla 'comillas'.

Paso 2 : La base de datos se puede importar al proyecto directamente ya sea, o como un archivo comprimido. Se recomienda el archivo comprimido, si su base de datos es demasiado grande. Puede crear una compresión ZIP o una compresión GZ .

El nombre de archivo del archivo comprimido db debe ser quotes.db.zip , si está utilizando la compresión ZIP o quotes.db.gz , si está utilizando la compresión GZ.

Paso 3 : Crear una nueva aplicación External Database Demo con un nombre de paquete com.javahelps.com.javahelps.externaldatabasedemo .

Paso 4 : Abra el build.gradle (Module: app) y agregue la siguiente dependencia.

 dependencies { compile 'com.readystatesoftware.sqliteasset:sqliteassethelper:+' } 

Una vez que haya guardado el archivo build.gradle haga clic en el enlace "Sincronizar ahora" para actualizar el proyecto. Puede sincronizar el build.gradle , haciendo clic derecho en el archivo build.gradle y seleccionando la opción Synchronize build.gradle también.

Paso 5 : Haga clic derecho en la carpeta de la aplicación y crear nueva carpeta de activos.

Paso 6 : Cree una nueva carpeta 'bases de datos' dentro de la carpeta de activos.

Paso 7 : Copie y pegue el archivo quotes.db.zip dentro de la carpeta assets/databases .

Paso 8 : Crear una nueva clase DatabaseOpenHelper

 package com.javahelps.externaldatabasedemo; import android.content.Context; import com.readystatesoftware.sqliteasset.SQLiteAssetHelper; public class DatabaseOpenHelper extends SQLiteAssetHelper { private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "quotes.db"; private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1; public DatabaseOpenHelper(Context context) { super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION); } } Notice that rather than extending SQLiteOpenHelper, the DatabaseOpenHelper extends SQLiteAssetHelper class. 

Paso 9 : Cree una nueva clase DatabaseAccess e introduzca el código como se muestra a continuación. Más detalles sobre esta clase están disponibles en el tutorial Advanced Android Database.

 package com.javahelps.externaldatabasedemo; import android.content.Context; import android.database.Cursor; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class DatabaseAccess { private SQLiteOpenHelper openHelper; private SQLiteDatabase database; private static DatabaseAccess instance; /** * Private constructor to aboid object creation from outside classes. * * @param context */ private DatabaseAccess(Context context) { this.openHelper = new DatabaseOpenHelper(context); } /** * Return a singleton instance of DatabaseAccess. * * @param context the Context * @return the instance of DabaseAccess */ public static DatabaseAccess getInstance(Context context) { if (instance == null) { instance = new DatabaseAccess(context); } return instance; } /** * Open the database connection. */ public void open() { this.database = openHelper.getWritableDatabase(); } /** * Close the database connection. */ public void close() { if (database != null) { this.database.close(); } } /** * Read all quotes from the database. * * @return a List of quotes */ public List<String> getQuotes() { List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(); Cursor cursor = database.rawQuery("SELECT * FROM quotes", null); cursor.moveToFirst(); while (!cursor.isAfterLast()) { list.add(cursor.getString(0)); cursor.moveToNext(); } cursor.close(); return list; } } In this class only the `getQuotes` method is implemented to read the data from the database. You have the full freedom to insert, 

Actualizar y borrar cualquier fila de la base de datos como de costumbre. Para obtener más detalles, siga este enlace Advanced Android Database.

Todas las configuraciones relacionadas con la base de datos se completan y ahora tenemos que crear un ListView para mostrar las comillas.

Paso 10 : Agregue un ListView en su activity_main.xml .

 <FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context=".MainActivity"> <ListView android:id="@+id/listView" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_gravity="center" /> </FrameLayout> 

Paso 11 : Encuentra el objeto de ListView en el método MainActivity de MainActivity y alimentar las comillas que se leen de la base de datos.

 package com.javahelps.externaldatabasedemo; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity; import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; import android.widget.ListView; import java.util.List; public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity { private ListView listView; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); this.listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listView); DatabaseAccess databaseAccess = DatabaseAccess.getInstance(this); databaseAccess.open(); List<String> quotes = databaseAccess.getQuotes(); databaseAccess.close(); ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, quotes); this.listView.setAdapter(adapter); } } 

Paso 12 : Guarde todos los cambios y ejecute la aplicación.

Además de este artículo puede descargar SQLiteAssetHelper aquí

Mi solución no utiliza ninguna biblioteca de terceros ni te obliga a llamar métodos personalizados en la subclase SQLiteOpenHelper para inicializar la base de datos en la creación. También se encarga de las actualizaciones de la base de datos también. Todo lo que hay que hacer es subclase SQLiteOpenHelper .

Requisito previo:

  1. La base de datos que desea enviar con la aplicación. Debe contener una tabla 1×1 denominada android_metadata con un atributo locale tenga el valor en_US además de las tablas únicas de su aplicación.

Subclase SQLiteOpenHelper :

  1. Subclase SQLiteOpenHelper .
  2. Cree un método private dentro de la subclase SQLiteOpenHelper . Este método contiene la lógica para copiar el contenido de la base de datos del archivo de base de datos en la carpeta 'assets' a la base de datos creada en el contexto del paquete de aplicaciones.
  3. onOpen métodos onCreate , onUpgrade y onOpen de SQLiteOpenHelper .

Basta de charla. Aquí va la subclase SQLiteOpenHelper :

 public class PlanDetailsSQLiteOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { private static final String TAG = "SQLiteOpenHelper"; private final Context context; private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1; private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "my_custom_db"; private boolean createDb = false, upgradeDb = false; public PlanDetailsSQLiteOpenHelper(Context context) { super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION); this.context = context; } /** * Copy packaged database from assets folder to the database created in the * application package context. * * @param db * The target database in the application package context. */ private void copyDatabaseFromAssets(SQLiteDatabase db) { Log.i(TAG, "copyDatabase"); InputStream myInput = null; OutputStream myOutput = null; try { // Open db packaged as asset as the input stream myInput = context.getAssets().open("path/to/shipped/db/file"); // Open the db in the application package context: myOutput = new FileOutputStream(db.getPath()); // Transfer db file contents: byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int length; while ((length = myInput.read(buffer)) > 0) { myOutput.write(buffer, 0, length); } myOutput.flush(); // Set the version of the copied database to the current // version: SQLiteDatabase copiedDb = context.openOrCreateDatabase( DATABASE_NAME, 0, null); copiedDb.execSQL("PRAGMA user_version = " + DATABASE_VERSION); copiedDb.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new Error(TAG + " Error copying database"); } finally { // Close the streams try { if (myOutput != null) { myOutput.close(); } if (myInput != null) { myInput.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new Error(TAG + " Error closing streams"); } } } @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { Log.i(TAG, "onCreate db"); createDb = true; } @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { Log.i(TAG, "onUpgrade db"); upgradeDb = true; } @Override public void onOpen(SQLiteDatabase db) { Log.i(TAG, "onOpen db"); if (createDb) {// The db in the application package // context is being created. // So copy the contents from the db // file packaged in the assets // folder: createDb = false; copyDatabaseFromAssets(db); } if (upgradeDb) {// The db in the application package // context is being upgraded from a lower to a higher version. upgradeDb = false; // Your db upgrade logic here: } } } 

Finally, to get a database connection, just call getReadableDatabase() or getWritableDatabase() on the SQLiteOpenHelper subclass and it will take care of creating a db, copying db contents from the specified file in the 'assets' folder, if the database does not exist.

In short, you can use the SQLiteOpenHelper subclass to access the db shipped in the assets folder just as you would use for a database that is initialized using SQL queries in the onCreate() method.

From what I've seen you should be be shipping a database that already has the tables setup and data. However if you want (and depending on the type of application you have) you can allow "upgrade database option". Then what you do is download the latest sqlite version, get the latest Insert/Create statements of a textfile hosted online, execute the statements and do a data transfer from the old db to the new one.

Currently there is no way to precreate an SQLite database to ship with your apk. The best you can do is save the appropriate SQL as a resource and run them from your application. Yes, this leads to duplication of data (same information exists as a resrouce and as a database) but there is no other way right now. The only mitigating factor is the apk file is compressed. My experience is 908KB compresses to less than 268KB.

The thread below has the best discussion/solution I have found with good sample code.

http://groups.google.com/group/android-developers/msg/9f455ae93a1cf152

I stored my CREATE statement as a string resource to be read with Context.getString() and ran it with SQLiteDatabse.execSQL().

I stored the data for my inserts in res/raw/inserts.sql (I created the sql file, 7000+ lines). Using the technique from the link above I entered a loop, read the file line by line and concactenated the data onto "INSERT INTO tbl VALUE " and did another SQLiteDatabase.execSQL(). No sense in saving 7000 "INSERT INTO tbl VALUE "s when they can just be concactenated on.

It takes about twenty seconds on the emulator, I do not know how long this would take on a real phone, but it only happens once, when the user first starts the application.

Finally I did it!! I have used this link help Using your own SQLite database in Android applications , but had to change it a little bit.

  1. If you have many packages you should put the master package name here:

    private static String DB_PATH = "data/data/masterPakageName/databases";

  2. I changed the method which copies the database from local folder to emulator folder! It had some problem when that folder didn't exist. So first of all, it should check the path and if it's not there, it should create the folder.

  3. In the previous code, the copyDatabase method was never called when the database didn't exist and the checkDataBase method caused exception. so I changed the code a little bit.

  4. If your database does not have a file extension, don't use the file name with one.

it works nice for me , i hope it whould be usefull for u too

  package farhangsarasIntroduction; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import android.content.Context; import android.database.Cursor; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteException; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; import android.util.Log; public class DataBaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper{ //The Android's default system path of your application database. private static String DB_PATH = "data/data/com.example.sample/databases"; private static String DB_NAME = "farhangsaraDb"; private SQLiteDatabase myDataBase; private final Context myContext; /** * Constructor * Takes and keeps a reference of the passed context in order to access to the application assets and resources. * @param context */ public DataBaseHelper(Context context) { super(context, DB_NAME, null, 1); this.myContext = context; } /** * Creates a empty database on the system and rewrites it with your own database. * */ public void createDataBase() { boolean dbExist; try { dbExist = checkDataBase(); } catch (SQLiteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new Error("database dose not exist"); } if(dbExist){ //do nothing - database already exist }else{ try { copyDataBase(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new Error("Error copying database"); } //By calling this method and empty database will be created into the default system path //of your application so we are gonna be able to overwrite that database with our database. this.getReadableDatabase(); } } /** * Check if the database already exist to avoid re-copying the file each time you open the application. * @return true if it exists, false if it doesn't */ private boolean checkDataBase(){ SQLiteDatabase checkDB = null; try{ String myPath = DB_PATH +"/"+ DB_NAME; checkDB = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(myPath, null, SQLiteDatabase.OPEN_READONLY); }catch(SQLiteException e){ //database does't exist yet. throw new Error("database does't exist yet."); } if(checkDB != null){ checkDB.close(); } return checkDB != null ? true : false; } /** * Copies your database from your local assets-folder to the just created empty database in the * system folder, from where it can be accessed and handled. * This is done by transfering bytestream. * */ private void copyDataBase() throws IOException{ //copyDataBase(); //Open your local db as the input stream InputStream myInput = myContext.getAssets().open(DB_NAME); // Path to the just created empty db String outFileName = DB_PATH +"/"+ DB_NAME; File databaseFile = new File( DB_PATH); // check if databases folder exists, if not create one and its subfolders if (!databaseFile.exists()){ databaseFile.mkdir(); } //Open the empty db as the output stream OutputStream myOutput = new FileOutputStream(outFileName); //transfer bytes from the inputfile to the outputfile byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int length; while ((length = myInput.read(buffer))>0){ myOutput.write(buffer, 0, length); } //Close the streams myOutput.flush(); myOutput.close(); myInput.close(); } @Override public synchronized void close() { if(myDataBase != null) myDataBase.close(); super.close(); } @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { } @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { } you to create adapters for your views. } 

Shipping the database inside the apk and then copying it to /data/data/... will double the size of the database (1 in apk, 1 in data/data/... ), and will increase the apk size (of course). So your database should not be too big.

Android already provides a version-aware approach of database management. This approach has been leveraged in the BARACUS framework for Android applications.

It enables you to manage the database along the entire version lifecycle of an app, beeing able to update the sqlite database from any prior version to the current one.

Also, it allows you to run hot-backups and hot-recovery of the SQLite.

I am not 100% sure, but a hot-recovery for a specific device may enable you to ship a prepared database in your app. But I am not sure about the database binary format which might be specific to certain devices, vendors or device generations.

Since the stuff is Apache License 2, feel free to reuse any part of the code, which can be found on github

EDIT:

If you only want to ship data, you might consider instantiating and persisting POJOs at the applications first start. BARACUS got a built-in support to this (Built-in key value store for configuration infos, eg "APP_FIRST_RUN" plus a after-context-bootstrap hook in order to run post-launch operations on the context). This enables you to have tight coupled data shipped with your app; in most cases this fitted to my use cases.

If the required data is not too large (limits I don´t know, would depend on a lot of things), you might also download the data (in XML, JSON, whatever) from a website/webapp. AFter receiving, execute the SQL statements using the received data creating your tables and inserting the data.

If your mobile app contains lots of data, it might be easier later on to update the data in the installed apps with more accurate data or changes.

I wrote a library to simplify this process.

 dataBase = new DataBase.Builder(context, "myDb"). // setAssetsPath(). // default "databases" // setDatabaseErrorHandler(). // setCursorFactory(). // setUpgradeCallback() // setVersion(). // default 1 build(); 

It will create a dataBase from assets/databases/myDb.db file. In addition you will get all those functionality:

  • Load database from file
  • Synchronized access to the database
  • Using sqlite-android by requery, Android specific distribution of the latest versions of SQLite.

Clone it from github .

I'm using ORMLite and below code worked for me

 public class DatabaseProvider extends OrmLiteSqliteOpenHelper { private static final String DatabaseName = "DatabaseName"; private static final int DatabaseVersion = 1; private final Context ProvidedContext; public DatabaseProvider(Context context) { super(context, DatabaseName, null, DatabaseVersion); this.ProvidedContext= context; SharedPreferences preferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context); boolean databaseCopied = preferences.getBoolean("DatabaseCopied", false); if (databaseCopied) { //Do Nothing } else { CopyDatabase(); SharedPreferences.Editor editor = preferences.edit(); editor.putBoolean("DatabaseCopied", true); editor.commit(); } } private String DatabasePath() { return "/data/data/" + ProvidedContext.getPackageName() + "/databases/"; } private void CopyDatabase() { try { CopyDatabaseInternal(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private File ExtractAssetsZip(String zipFileName) { InputStream inputStream; ZipInputStream zipInputStream; File tempFolder; do { tempFolder = null; tempFolder = new File(ProvidedContext.getCacheDir() + "/extracted-" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "/"); } while (tempFolder.exists()); tempFolder.mkdirs(); try { String filename; inputStream = ProvidedContext.getAssets().open(zipFileName); zipInputStream = new ZipInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(inputStream)); ZipEntry zipEntry; byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int count; while ((zipEntry = zipInputStream.getNextEntry()) != null) { filename = zipEntry.getName(); if (zipEntry.isDirectory()) { File fmd = new File(tempFolder.getAbsolutePath() + "/" + filename); fmd.mkdirs(); continue; } FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(tempFolder.getAbsolutePath() + "/" + filename); while ((count = zipInputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) { fileOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, count); } fileOutputStream.close(); zipInputStream.closeEntry(); } zipInputStream.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } return tempFolder; } private void CopyDatabaseInternal() throws IOException { File extractedPath = ExtractAssetsZip(DatabaseName + ".zip"); String databaseFile = ""; for (File innerFile : extractedPath.listFiles()) { databaseFile = innerFile.getAbsolutePath(); break; } if (databaseFile == null || databaseFile.length() ==0 ) throw new RuntimeException("databaseFile is empty"); InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(databaseFile); String outFileName = DatabasePath() + DatabaseName; File destinationPath = new File(DatabasePath()); if (!destinationPath.exists()) destinationPath.mkdirs(); File destinationFile = new File(outFileName); if (!destinationFile.exists()) destinationFile.createNewFile(); OutputStream myOutput = new FileOutputStream(outFileName); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int length; while ((length = inputStream.read(buffer)) > 0) { myOutput.write(buffer, 0, length); } myOutput.flush(); myOutput.close(); inputStream.close(); } @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase, ConnectionSource connectionSource) { } @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase, ConnectionSource connectionSource, int fromVersion, int toVersion) { } } 

Please note, The code extracts database file from a zip file in assets

I modified the class and the answers to the question and wrote a class that allows updating the database via DB_VERSION.

 import android.content.Context; import android.database.SQLException; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; public class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { private static String DB_NAME = "info.db"; private static String DB_PATH = ""; private static final int DB_VERSION = 1; private SQLiteDatabase mDataBase; private final Context mContext; private boolean mNeedUpdate = false; public DatabaseHelper(Context context) { super(context, DB_NAME, null, DB_VERSION); if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 17) DB_PATH = context.getApplicationInfo().dataDir + "/databases/"; else DB_PATH = "/data/data/" + context.getPackageName() + "/databases/"; this.mContext = context; copyDataBase(); this.getReadableDatabase(); } public void updateDataBase() throws IOException { if (mNeedUpdate) { File dbFile = new File(DB_PATH + DB_NAME); if (dbFile.exists()) dbFile.delete(); copyDataBase(); mNeedUpdate = false; } } private boolean checkDataBase() { File dbFile = new File(DB_PATH + DB_NAME); return dbFile.exists(); } private void copyDataBase() { if (!checkDataBase()) { this.getReadableDatabase(); this.close(); try { copyDBFile(); } catch (IOException mIOException) { throw new Error("ErrorCopyingDataBase"); } } } private void copyDBFile() throws IOException { InputStream mInput = mContext.getAssets().open(DB_NAME); //InputStream mInput = mContext.getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.info); OutputStream mOutput = new FileOutputStream(DB_PATH + DB_NAME); byte[] mBuffer = new byte[1024]; int mLength; while ((mLength = mInput.read(mBuffer)) > 0) mOutput.write(mBuffer, 0, mLength); mOutput.flush(); mOutput.close(); mInput.close(); } public boolean openDataBase() throws SQLException { mDataBase = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(DB_PATH + DB_NAME, null, SQLiteDatabase.CREATE_IF_NECESSARY); return mDataBase != null; } @Override public synchronized void close() { if (mDataBase != null) mDataBase.close(); super.close(); } @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { } @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { if (newVersion > oldVersion) mNeedUpdate = true; } } 

Using a class.

In the activity class, declare variables.

 private DatabaseHelper mDBHelper; private SQLiteDatabase mDb; 

In the onCreate method, write the following code.

 mDBHelper = new DatabaseHelper(this); try { mDBHelper.updateDataBase(); } catch (IOException mIOException) { throw new Error("UnableToUpdateDatabase"); } try { mDb = mDBHelper.getWritableDatabase(); } catch (SQLException mSQLException) { throw mSQLException; } 

If you add a database file to the folder res/raw then use the following modification of the class.

 import android.content.Context; import android.database.SQLException; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; public class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { private static String DB_NAME = "info.db"; private static String DB_PATH = ""; private static final int DB_VERSION = 1; private SQLiteDatabase mDataBase; private final Context mContext; private boolean mNeedUpdate = false; public DatabaseHelper(Context context) { super(context, DB_NAME, null, DB_VERSION); if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 17) DB_PATH = context.getApplicationInfo().dataDir + "/databases/"; else DB_PATH = "/data/data/" + context.getPackageName() + "/databases/"; this.mContext = context; copyDataBase(); this.getReadableDatabase(); } public void updateDataBase() throws IOException { if (mNeedUpdate) { File dbFile = new File(DB_PATH + DB_NAME); if (dbFile.exists()) dbFile.delete(); copyDataBase(); mNeedUpdate = false; } } private boolean checkDataBase() { File dbFile = new File(DB_PATH + DB_NAME); return dbFile.exists(); } private void copyDataBase() { if (!checkDataBase()) { this.getReadableDatabase(); this.close(); try { copyDBFile(); } catch (IOException mIOException) { throw new Error("ErrorCopyingDataBase"); } } } private void copyDBFile() throws IOException { //InputStream mInput = mContext.getAssets().open(DB_NAME); InputStream mInput = mContext.getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.info); OutputStream mOutput = new FileOutputStream(DB_PATH + DB_NAME); byte[] mBuffer = new byte[1024]; int mLength; while ((mLength = mInput.read(mBuffer)) > 0) mOutput.write(mBuffer, 0, mLength); mOutput.flush(); mOutput.close(); mInput.close(); } public boolean openDataBase() throws SQLException { mDataBase = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(DB_PATH + DB_NAME, null, SQLiteDatabase.CREATE_IF_NECESSARY); return mDataBase != null; } @Override public synchronized void close() { if (mDataBase != null) mDataBase.close(); super.close(); } @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { } @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { if (newVersion > oldVersion) mNeedUpdate = true; } } 

http://blog.harrix.org/article/6784

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